小学高年级儿童元认知发展特点及干预

以自编修订的《儿童元认知问卷》,对420名儿童（其中学习不良儿童96人）进行测试,结果发现：该阶段非学习不良儿童元认知发展上六年级显著高于四、五年级,不存在性别差异;学习不良儿童元认知发展不存在年级差异,他们在元认知整体水平以及六个维度上均显著落后于一般儿童和成绩优秀儿童;此外,以小学四年级学生为被试,考察了开展元认知训练的意义。研究发现,元认知训练可以较好地促进该阶段儿童元认知水平的提高,元认知训练对学生学业成就有着积极影响。

Characteristics of metacognitive development and influence of metacognitive training on children in higher grades of primary school

Firstly,adopting a newly developed questionnaire specifically designed for the investigation of matacognitive development,420 primary school students（including 96 learning disabled children） were surveyed.As the results indicate,for nonlearning disabled children,significant differences were reported between 6th grade and 4th /5th grade,while gender differences were not at significant level.No grade differences were found in the group of learning disabled children;the learning disabled children＇s standard（performance） on thewhole-and sub-dimensions of the questionnairewere significantly lower than those of children with average or high achievement.Secondly,this study explored the possibility and effects of metacognitive training to primary school children.Results showthatmetacognitive training can promote 4 grade children＇metacognitive development and can enhance their academic achievenment.Learning difficult children and above middle level students may be the great gain ers fromthe training.