Anti-Roma attitudes as expressions of dominant social norms in Eastern Europe |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary;2. Institute for Research in Social Communication, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia;1. Eastern Mediterranean University, Cyprus;2. Aston Business School, United Kingdom;1. University of Sussex, UK;2. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile;3. University of Jena, Germany;4. Royal Holloway University of London, UK;5. University of Leuven, Belgium;1. Bram Spruyt, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Sociology Department, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;2. Sociology Department of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium;3. Jolanda van der Noll, FernUniversität in Hagen, Department of Psychology, Universitätsstr 33 KSW, 58097 Hagen, Germany;1. Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, ul. Stawki 5/7, 00-183 Warszawa, Poland;2. Department of Psychology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6 Canada;3. Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Jaracza 1, 00-387 Warszawa, Poland;4. Institut für Europäische Studien, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Thüringer Weg 9, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;5. Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Nowy ?wiat 72, 00-330 Warszawa, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Although one of the most severe forms of bias all over Europe, anti-Roma prejudice has been neglected within social psychology. We argue that anti-Roma attitudes need to be recognized as a unique form of prejudice because (a) they reflect socially approved dominant societal norms, (b) intergroup contact increases rather than decreases prejudice, and (c) not just negative stereotyping, but also cultural distancing of Roma people is a form of social exclusion. We developed an integrative Attitudes Toward Roma Scale (ATRS) based on existing measures and theoretical assumptions about prejudice toward Roma people. We conducted a study (N = 1082) relying on student and community samples in Hungary and Slovakia. Exploratory factor analysis revealed and confirmatory factor analysis supported the structural equivalence of a three-factor solution of the16-item scale, consisting of Blatant Stereotyping, Undeserved Benefits, and Cultural Difference.Our findings confirmed that intergroup contact with Roma people is associated with more negative attitudes, and prejudice is mostly expressed in blatantly negative ways, made possible by social contexts that approve of these beliefs. The analysis also revealed that essentialist, romanticized ideas of cultural differences between Roma and non-Roma populations contribute to the psychological distancing of Roma people from the national ingroup. |
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| Keywords: | Anti-Roma prejudice Intergroup contact Nationalism Normative context Overt racism |
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