体系与内容:科研诚信问责制度分析

科研诚信强调的是负责任的科研行为,科研诚信问责制度就是对科研行为是否符合责任要求进行审察的制度化规定,"明责-察责-追责"各环节的相关科研诚信制度都应理解为问责制度。分析表明,就国家层面而言,可以将各国科研诚信问责制度体系分成四类,即政府主导型、资助机构主导型、独立机构主导型和法律兼治型。就高校层面而言,许多国家的高校都在国家相关政策法规的指导和要求下,制定符合本校实际的科研诚信相关制度。国家和高校两个层面的科研诚信问责制度都具体详细地体现出问责制的各要素,责任明确、程序具体、预防为主惩罚为辅,以便起到良好的综合问责效果。这些都值得中国在建立完善科研诚信问责制度时借鉴参考。

System and Content:An Analysis of Research Integrity Accountability System

Research integrity emphasizes responsible research behavior. The accountability system of research integrity is an institutionalized regulation to examine whether scientific research behaviors meet the requirements of responsibility. The relevant research integrity system in links of "clarifying responsibility-informing responsibility-inspecting responsibility-investigating responsibility" should be understood as accountability system. The analysis shows that, at the national level, the research integrity and accountability system of each country can be divided into four categories, namely, government-led, subvented agency-led, independent agency-led, and law-governed. At the level of colleges and universities, under the guidance and requirements of relevant national policies and regulations, colleges and universities in many countries have formulated relevant systems of research integrity in line with the actual conditions of the university. The research integrity accountability system at the national and university levels reflects the elements of the accountability system in detail, with clear responsibilities, specific procedures, and preventions as the primary measures, so as to achieve a good comprehensive accountability effect. All of these are worthy of reference for our country in establishing and improving the accountability system of research integrity.