贫困山区农业资源开发模式、经济准则与相应政策探讨

我国贫困山区粮食生产不足,农民生产开发行为的基本模式是争取粮食自给。除劳动外,这些山区资源投入水平很低,因而边际报酬高。利用生产函数可以准确揭示山区资源与产品的开发潜力与经济效益。山区生产优势是林特产品。然而只有首先做到粮食自给,才能有效开发林特产。贫困山区的农业开发策略是提高粮食单产,退耕还林。本文提出妥善安排长周期林业生产与短周期农业生产的3项经济准则。利用系统动力学协调包括数百函数与变量的开发目标、资源与产品的关系。使制订的开发方案有较大的实施成功率。并据此提出适应贫困山区开发的政策建议。

SOME ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN CHINESE POOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS

There is a shortage of grain production in chinese poor mountainous areas. The basic production behavior model of the peasants is to strive for self-sufficiency of grain. Except labour,the input levels of resources are very low in the area, with a result of high marginal returns. The application of production functions can bring to light exactly the potentialities and economic benefits of the productions. The profitable products in mountainous areas are the forest and its special products.But only when grain self-sufficiency has been reached first, can an effective develop-ment of forestry and its special products be realized. The strategy for mountain agricultural development is to increase the yield per unit area of land and change some farm land back into forestry. In this paper three economic criteria for the arrangements of long run forestry production and short run agricultural production are given. To coordinate interrelations between the targets of development, resources and production, a modle of system dynamics including hundreds of functions and variables is used. It enables the development progeramme to have a higher rate of success. And a series of policy suggestions for the development is made thereby.