无意识理论与机械反映论

弗洛伊德的深层心理学的无意识理论较之机械反映论更接近真理,问题的症结在于我们多年来视之为绝对 真理的机械反映论忽视了人类的头脑不是镜子,也不是一块白板,而是一个有先在结构的、功能完备的活的有机组 织,它与外界事物相互作用,不是消极被动地反映外界事物。机械反映论对弗洛伊德心理学的批判是苍白无力的,缺 乏从包括生物进化史、人类进化史、社会发展史和个体发育史在内的多角度观察人的广阔视野。而用反映论的认识论 或者说用唯物主义的认知心理学去“改造”弗洛伊德的情感、欲望心理学,用浅层心理学去“改造”深层心理学,用 非动力心理学去“改造”动力心理学,无论从哪个角度看都是一种倒退。

Unconscious Theory and Mechanical Materialism

Lucian Freud's unconscious theory of deep psychology gets closer to the truth than mechanical materialism does,which shows that human being's mind is not the mirror or the whiteboard,but the innate structure,fully equipped with living organic tissue which was ignored by the mechanical materialism.The human being's mind interacts with the outside world,but not passively reflects it.Thus,the criticism from mechanical materialism seems dull and flat.However,it goes against the trends that using materialist theory or surface psychology replaces the Freud's unconscious theory or the deep psychology.