合作原则与关联原则

合作原则与关联原则一般被认为是对立的，其实不然。合作原则要求说话人的话语符合会话的目的，而这个目的可以是围绕话题发表意见。在这个意义上，合作原则包括关系准则。但是，Grice认为会话目的还可以表述为最有效地交流信息，以及影响别人的行为。换言之，合作原则强调的是交际的合作，这是合作原则最主要的内涵。而Sperber＆Wil-son则提出，关联性可以通过表达无关设想实现，只要这个表达行为是有关联的。这说明关联理论也试图把与整个交际是否有关联看成关联性的一个内容，只是他们把这两种关联性混在一起，而Grice则分别将二者命名为合作原则和关系准则。

The Cooperative Principle and the Principle of Relevance

The cooperative principle and the principle of relevance are generally thought to be opposed to each other ,which is not really true .The cooperative principle instructs the speaker to make his /her contri-bution as is required by the common purpose （ s） .And one of the purposes of a conversation is the discussion of the subject matter ,in which sense “contribution as is required by the common purpose （ s）” is equal to“contribution relevant to the subject matter”.In other words ,the maxim of relation is part of the cooperative principle.Now Grice points out that the purpose （ s） of a conversation could also be formulated as “maximally effective exchange of information” and “influencing the actions of others”.That is, the most important meaning of being cooperative in the Gricean sense is being helpful to communication ,or being communica-tively cooperative .On the other hand ,relevance theorists ,Sperber＆amp;Wilson ,argue that relevance could be a-chieved by expressing irrelevant assumptions as long as this expressive behavior is relevant , which suggests that they also try to make it part of the meaning of relevance being relevant to the whole communication .How-ever,Sperber＆amp;Wilson mix the two types of relevance （ relevance to a topic and relevance to the whole com-munication）,while Grice separates them into the maxim of relation and the cooperative principle .And this is an important difference between them .