中国“三生用地”分类及其空间格局

工业化、城市化和经济的快速发展导致中国人地关系紧张,争地现象多发。为兼顾粮食安全、经济发展和生态保护之间的关系,需要协调土地不同功能用地的矛盾。现行的土地利用分类体系,注重土地的生产、生活功能,对生态功能考虑不够。本研究以土地的主体功能为出发点,兼顾其他功能,纳入生态用地的概念,构建了"三生用地"分类体系,统筹生产、生活和生态用地空间。通过先分区再分类的方法,提取了中国"三生用地"的分布范围。结果表明,生态用地、生态生产用地、生产生态用地和生活生产用地等面积分别为603.70万km2、135.38万km2、200.19万km2和20.73万km2,各占国土面积的62.89%、14.10%、20.85%和2.16%。生态用地主要分布在中西部,生态生产用地因其生产功能具有明显的地域分异,生产生态用地和生活生产用地则更集中分布在东部地区。

An ecological-living-industrial land classification system and its spatial distribution in China

Rapid development of industrialization,urbanization and economy causes tension in the human-land relationship. To take into account the relationship between food security,economic development and ecological protection,one needs to coordinate contradictions and conflicts between different functional land types. The current land use classification system emphasizes the industrial and living function of lands but insufficiently considers ecological function. This study built an Ecological-living-industrial Land Classification System from the perspective of land functions incorporating the concept of ecological land. The new land classification is more suitable to coordinate ecological,living and industrial land spaces. The Ecological-living-industrial Land Classification System includes three levels. The first level includes four major types:ecological regulation land,ecological-industrial land,industrial land,and living-industrial-ecological land. The second level subdivides dominant functions into 15 functional land categories. The third level is based on land cover types. According to zoning and re-classification,we extracted ecological-living-industrial land and their spatial distribution at a national scale. The area of ecological regulation land,ecological-industrial land,industrial land,and living-industrial land area are 6 037 000km²,1 353 800km²,2 001 900km² and 207 300km² respectively;accounting for 62.89%,14.10%,20.85% and 2.16% of total area,respectively. Ecological land are mainly locate in central and western China,ecological-industrial land reflects obvious regional differentiation, and industrial-ecological land and living-industrial land are concentrated in eastern China.