“存在大链条”上的身份位移——《被解放的姜戈》的黑人身份研究

影片《被解放的姜戈》戏虐而巧妙地书写了美国奴隶制时期的黑人身份，其中依次出场的男性有五类：待售奴隶、自由人、奴隶贩子、曼丁哥、管家，而他们的身份位移区间分别为：待售奴隶一自由人，途径：白人购买；自由人一奴隶贩子，途径：在白人面前压迫本族裔；曼丁哥一胜者，途径：在主人面前打死对手；管家一准白人，途径：对主人忠心不二，对族裔摧残至极。女性则共有三个等级的身份：性奴一农奴一家奴，影响这些等级变迁的关键因素是其容貌和谈吐，而衡量这两种因素是否达标的终极决定者则是买卖她们的白人。由此可见，在白人宰制的语境中，黑人在“存在大链条”上的身份位移不过是一种本族裔内有关阶级变迁的伪位移。

On Django Unchained

There are five kinds of black male identities in Django Unchained, which are on -sale slave, free- man, slaver, Mandingo and butler. Those kinds of black people only have four ways to change their identity. First, the on - sale slaves can become freemen if there are any white men to buy them. Second, a freeman can become a slaver if he could get the chance to torture his people in special ways right in front of the White. Third, the only way a Mandingo can survive is to beat his enemy to death while the White master is watching their fight. Forth, a butler must always show loyalty to his master and know the most miserable way to deal with other black people. Compared to the complex identity of black male, the black women only have three kinds of identities ： comfort girl, filed slave and house slave. The factor that influences those black women＇s identity and class is whether they have beautiful faces and good talk or not. But the only judge is the White, and mostly male, so they really do not have the chance to steer their own fate.