浅析三期儒家的君民观

伦理政治是儒家思想的核心,君民观是其思想中重要内容。春秋战国时期,孔孟提倡君臣对应;汉朝董仲舒提出"三纲五常,君权神授"的思想,以确立君主的权威;到了宋明,程朱理学提出要"存天理,灭人欲",把君主权力进一步上升为不可违逆的天理。三期儒家适应时代要求,其君主观各具特色。

An Analysis of the Confucian's Outlook of the Monarch and Its Subject during the 3rd Historical Stages

Ethical politics is the core of the Confucian school; the outlook of the monarch and its subject is an important part in it. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, Confucius and Mencius advocated the correspondence of the monarch and subject; during the Han Dynasty Dong Zhongsu put forth the idea of the Three Cardinal Guides and the Five Constant Virtues, and the Divine Rights of the Monarch, affirming the power of the monarch. When it was during the Song and Ming Dynasties, Cheng Hao and Zhu Xi's idealist philosophy suggested that in order to extinguish human's desires, people should abide by the moral principles, making the monarch's power ascend to a hard-and-fast heavenly law. Thus the Confucian school during the 3rd periods had adapted itself to the historical time and each had its own features.