美国基础教育项目效果评估经验何在?--基于25项高质量评估研究的主题文本分析

美国基础教育项目效果评估不仅实践起步早、根基相对坚实,而且目前也已发展成为教育科学研究的重要类型以及循证教育改革的证据来源,积累了较为成熟的实践经验。本研究对25项高质量评估研究进行主题文本分析后发现,其实践经验主要表现为:第一,充足的评估经费是评估的首要前提。评估经费来源于以政府为首的各界支持,经费筹措是集体同心的智慧行动,经费使用贯穿评估全程。第二,专业的评估人员是评估的核心输入。评估人员来自高校等专业组织,其选择确定往往会历经多方因素的全面考量,目前存在内部、外部、内外合作等三种评估人员角色定位。第三,科学的评估开展是评估的关键过程。评估规划会确定评估类型与问题,评估设计会厘清理论基础、评估方法和效果指标,评估实施会做好样本招募、干预实施以及数据收集。第四,实用的评估成果是评估的重要输出。评估发现会被恰当分析与合理解释,评估结果会被规范撰写与多样呈现,评估产品还会被进一步大力传播与有效使用。此外,美国基础教育项目效果评估在努力提升质量的同时也开始不断迸发出新的实践趋势。

What is the Practical Experience of Impact Evaluation of PK-12 Educational Programs in the United States:Thematic Text Analysis Based on 25 High-Quality Evaluation Research

The impact evaluation of PK-12 educational programs in the United States not only started early in practice,with a relatively solid foundation,but also has developed into an important type of educational scientific research and the evidence source for the evidence-based educational reform at present,accumulating a lot of relatively mature practical experience.After thematically analyzing the text of 25 high-quality evaluation research,this research found that its practical experience is as follows.First of all,adequate evaluation funding is the first prerequisite for evaluation.The funding support comes from government and other sources,the raising is a collective action of wisdom,and the allocation runs through the entire evaluation process.Secondly,professional evaluators are the core input of evaluation.The evaluators come from professional organizations such as universities and colleges,and appropriate evaluators will be carefully selected and determined based on many factors,and there are currently three types of evaluator role positioning,namely,internal evaluators,external evaluators,and evaluators who collaborate internally and externally.Thirdly,scientific evaluation conducting is the key process of evaluation.The evaluation planning usually determines the evaluation type and questions.The evaluation design will clarify the theoretical basis,evaluation methods and outcome measures.And the evaluation implementation will attach great importance to sample recruitment,intervention implementation and data collecting.Fourthly,utility fruit is an important output of evaluation.The evaluation findings will be properly analyzed and reasonably explained.The evaluation results will be written by specifications and presented in various ways.And the evaluation products will be vigorously disseminated and used effectively.In addition,while striving to improve its quality,the impact evaluation of PK-12 educational programs in the U.S.has also begun to burst out new practical trends.