文学理论的学科危机与学术创新——兼评董学文著《文学理论学导论》

“科学始于问题”,但有时却并不一定懂得真正挨近科学的“问题意识”到底是什么。有人认为在20世纪世界文学理论出现空前繁荣之后,中国文学理论如何在世界文学理论多声部中唱响自己的声音,这是“中国文学理论界共有的‘问题意识’”。其实,这只能算是中国文学理论界共有的一桩空泛无边的心事、心态,与科学所需要的“问题意识”还相距遥远。这种貌似进取的心事、心态一直空泛下去,免不了心生浮躁,要滋生出如文学创作界那样的“消极写作”,挖空心思地“忽悠”出一个并无真实价值的东西来混世。靠近科学的“问题意识”,绝对不是空泛无边的,而是具体的,它是必须能够面对实践领域的无解之题、难解之题,或是错解之题等等真问题的。所谓学术“原创”、“创新”,必须是解决真问题的学术动作。倘并无真问题面对,张张狂狂做出的“学问”,就只能归类到“学术泡沫”里。在尽兴享用着“空前繁荣”的20世纪世界文学理论成果的当代中国文学理论界,董学文先生应该算是逮住了这个领域里的真问题的一位。

Scientific Crisis of Literary Theory and Academic Creation

"Science originates in problems," but few really know what is the "problem awareness" closely related to science. Some people believe that the "problem awareness" common in the world of Chinese literary theory is how the Chinese literary theory can have its own voice in the chorus of the literary theories in the world after the prosperity of world literary theories in 20th century. In fact it is the empty and irrelevant concern, mentality common in the world of Chinese literary theory which are far away from the "problem awareness" that science needs. The so-called "creation" and "innovation" in academy must be the academic action to solve the problem. The "research work" done insolently without really facing the problems is nothing but the "bubble academic study. " Dong Xuewen is one of the scholars in the world of Chinese literary theory who have found out the real problem after enjoying the achievement of the World literary theory research in the "unprecedented prosperity of the 20th century. "