中小学教师实践性知识的现实境遇与支持策略

对中国12个省中小学教师进行的问卷和访谈调查，呈现出中小学教师实践性知识在观念认识、掌握情况、获得途径、构建需求等方面的现实状况：中小学教师目前最缺乏和最需要的均是关于具体教育情境的知识；在性别、学历出身、城乡维度上，中小学教师的实践性知识掌握程度、构建途径与提升需求都呈现出显著差异。要使中小学教师实践性知识建构更加合理和有效，需要从搭建专业知识场景、精准改革教师教育供给侧、激发农村教师活力、建构双路径学习机制等方面给出支持策略。

A Study on the Present Situation and Support Strategies of Primary and Secondary School Teachers' Practical Knowledge

Through the questionnaire and interview survey of primary and secondary school teachers in 12 provinces of China, this paper presents the practical knowledge of primary and secondary school teachers in the aspects of concept understanding, mastery, access and construction needs. The survey results show that knowledge about specific educational situations is what primary and secondary school teachers lack and need most at present. On the dimensions of gender, educational background, and urban and rural areas, there are significant differences between primary and secondary school teachers in the mastery of practical knowledge, construction approaches and promotion needs. Support strategies are given from the aspects of building professional knowledge scene, accurately reforming the supply side of teacher education, stimulating rural teachers' vitality, and constructing a two-way learning mechanism.