审美历史演化中的身体境遇——试论身体美学何以成立

随着美学从“类神学”到“精神哲学”、“心理学”直至“艺术生理学”、“审美经验现象学”的历史演化过程,身体从传统美学视野里理念、精神的附庸成为自身拥有独立价值,并且肉体与心理或灵魂深度交融的“未被撕碎的身心统一体”。作为审美客体,随着对身体耻感的剥离,人类基于身体自我欣赏的自恋得到正名;作为审美体验者,身体从形而上美学谱系中精神往下流溢、理念获得分享的“美的末端”,被理解成审美体验活动的“第一入口”;作为审美创造者,身体也走出了传统美学中的缺席状态,身体的活力被视为审美创造的“第一推动力”,创造者的“身体状态”同时也被视为“情感状态”、“心理状态”。心理学美学、生命美学、现象学美学、存在主义美学等对于美学思维路径的开拓,极大程度上改善了身体的境遇,并且为身体美学的成立奠定了理论基础。

The Body's Situation in the History of Aesthetic Appreciation——How Can the Bodyaesthetics Possible?

It is supposed that aesthetics has undergone a history which ranged from a kind of semi-theology,spirit-philosophy,psychology,and art-physiology,to aesthetic experience phenomenology,and such an evolvement(namely,from metaphysics to physics;from superorganism to organism)is in accordance with people's deepening understanding about Body.In traditional vision,"Body" was covered or reigned by so called idea,spirit,etc.Nowadays,"Body" began to be regarded as an "untorn body-soul entire" which body itself acquire independent aesthetic value.This paper will explore the "aesthetic history of Body" from three perspectives:"Body" as the objective;"Body" as the subjective of aesthetic experience;"Body" as the art creator.Some psychics extheticians,existentialism philosophers and phenomenology scholars discussed "Body" issue profoundly and subversively.Meanwhile,their studies enhanced "Body's" situation,broadened aesthetic vision,and provided an academic foundation for Body-aesthetics.