日本教育反贫困的政策逻辑与实践路径

儿童贫困是世界各国面临的共同难题.日本自2013年起先后制定了《儿童贫困对策推进法》与《儿童贫困对策大纲》,建立了以教育为先、四位一体的综合政策体系,旨在通过教育赋能消除贫困代际传递.政策重点在于扩大学前教育及高中阶段教育机会,采用服务支持与现金支持结合的形式,政府主导、社会力量参与保障政策资源.纵向完善了贯穿学前教育...

Policy Logic and Practice Path of Educational Antipoverty in Japan

Child poverty is a problem faced by all countries around the world. In 2013,Japan promulgated the Law on Promoting Countermeasures to Child Poverty and the Outline of Countermeasures to Child Poverty,and established a comprehensive four-in-one policy system that prioritises education. The aim is to eliminate the intergenerational transmission of poverty through educational empowerment. The policy focuses on expanding preschool education and high school education opportunities,using a combination of service and cash supports. The policy is government lead,with social forces helping to ensure policy resources. A financial aid system for educational expenses has been implemented vertically throughout the education system from preschool to higher education. A comprehensive horizontal support system has also been built,which takes the school as a platform;school social workers coordinate out-of-school educational resources,social welfare,medical and other resources. This programme enriches children’s learning opportunities both in and out of school,while reducing the financial burden on parents,promoting children’s academic achievement and eliminating social isolation. Japan’s policy and practical experience can serve as a reference for poverty countermeasures in China after 2020.