苏云金芽孢杆菌及其在害虫防治上的应用(综述)

苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis,简称Bt)自 1 90 1年发现以来 ,一直在微生物学、昆虫学和生物化学等方面受到研究者的关注。由于Bt能形成对许多昆虫具特异性毒力的杀虫蛋白 ,因此从 1 959年开始Bt已被制成杀虫剂防治鳞翅目害虫。近 1 0年来 ,随着分子生物学和遗传工程技术的成熟和发展 ,使人们增加了有关晶体形成的分子生物学知识。Bt的杀虫活性主要是其能产生含有杀虫晶体蛋白 (ICPs)的伴孢晶体。一些杀虫蛋白基因 (又称cry基因 )已经成功用于转基因抗虫植物中。本文将从Bt微生物学、Bt制剂在害虫防治中以及Btcry基因在转基因抗虫植物中的应用等方面作一综述。

Bacilus Thuringiensis and its Application in Prevention of Insects

Since its discovery in 1901, Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) has raised the attention of investigators researching in many different areas of microbiology,entomology, and biochemistry. Bt has been the leading biopesticide against lepidopterous pests since 1959 , because of its ability to synthesize a toxic protein, specific against several insects. In the last 10 years developments in molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques have led to an increased understanding of the molecular biology of crystal formation.The insecticidal activity of Bt is mainly due to the production of crystals containing insecticidal crystal proteins(ICPs). Some ICP genes(also named cry gene) have been used for bioengineered crop protection,resulting in transgenic crop plants with excellent insect protection. This article reviews some aspects of the microbiology of Bacillus thuringiensis,the use of Bt agents in pests control and the use of Bt cry genes in bioengineered crop protection.