The determinants of demand for private tutoring in South Korea |
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Authors: | Ji-Ha Kim and Daekwon Park |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Education, Yonsei University, 262 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea;(2) Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA |
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Abstract: | This study investigated the determinants of the demand for private tutoring (PT) in South Korea, especially focusing on the
effectiveness of governmental regulations regarding the operating hours of cram schools in decreasing expenditure on PT. Survey
data from 3,605 parents of 12th grade students were collected from 45 proportionally stratified high schools and analyzed
using Tobit and censored least absolute deviation models. Results showed that among student and family background characteristics,
students’ achievement level, household income, and parents’ educational level were positively associated with a higher consumption
of PT. At the school level, students attending schools with higher student–teacher ratios were expected to spend more on PT.
Urban schools under the high school equalization policy (HSEP) showed larger expenditure on PT than non-HSEP schools. Despite
the public perception of the ineffectiveness of government policy on PT, this study finds that the local governmental regulation
of PT positively contributes to decreasing the demand for PT. |
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Keywords: | |
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