认知性辞格与表达性辞格

本主要为研究因认知关系改变而形成的辞格提供语言学的方法。首先在语义分析的基础上提出必有特征、可能特征和不可能特征三个概念，并分析了它们之间的关系和表现形式。然后进一步论证所有因认知关系改变而形成的辞格在语言层面上的表面都是为了接纳一个不可能特征，并且分析了“零距／有距”、“隐含／显现”、“直接／间接”、“正向／负向”四种接纳的语义方式。最后，从辞格的两种不同处理方式出发评论了修辞研究中割裂装饰与本体的传统观念与“功能即形式”的新观念。

Cognitive and Expressive Figures of Speech

A linguistic method is offered here for the study of figures of speech owing to the change of cognitive relations. First of all, based on a sememe analysis, the three basic concepts are defined, that is, integrant character, possible character, and impossible character, and their inter- relations and representing forms are observed. All the figures of speech which are formed with the change of cognitive relations find expressions in language in order to accept an impossible character. There are four forms of ac- cepting sememe; no/with distance, implicit/explicit, direct/indirect, and positive/negative.