从《红字》中人和社会的关系看霍桑的反超验主义思想

在人和社会的关系问题上，十九世纪中期的美国超验论者认为自立的个人是一个社会中最重要的因素，个人利益高于社会利益。他们提倡用激进的方式改革社会，并在废奴运动中实践了自己的理论。而同时代的霍桑在人与社会的关系上持有完全相反的观念，他反对超验论者所标榜的个人主义和激进的社会改革，提出了渐进式、和平式社会发展观。霍桑在他的代表作《红字》中婉转而隐晦地表达了他在人与社会关系上对超验论者的反驳。

On Hawthorne's Anti- Transcendentalism with Regard to the Relationship between Man and Society in "The Scarlet Letter"

With regard to the relationship between man and society,American transcendentalists in the middle of the 19th century held the idea that independent individuals were the most important factors in the society and individual interests were superior to social interests.They advocated reforming the society in a radical way and put their theory into practice in the anti-slavery movement.However,the contemporary writer Hawthorne had completely different ideas,who objected to individualism and radical social refor...