对小学生计算粗心现象的心理学研究

采用心理学的研究方法，对55名小学五年级学生进行了一学期的跟踪研究，获得如下成果：（1）采用作业分析法归纳出小学生计算粗心的三种主要类型：混淆型、错写漏写型、干扰型；（2）运用信息加工理论探讨计算粗心的心理机制，并对粗心型和无粗心型学生的认知能力进行测试比较，发现知觉、记忆、思维综合障碍是导致小学生计算粗心的直接原因，且不同类型在知觉、记忆、思维方面的障碍各有侧重；（3）在此基础上提出了相应的教育对策，以期达到消除小学生计算粗心现象，提高计算成绩，发展认知能力的目的。

A Psychological Study of the Carelessness in Pupils'''' Calculation

Based on a psychological approach, the writer conducts a one - term follow -up research on 55 pupils. The result of the research is as follows: (1)The homework analysis finds three types of careless mistakes in calculation by the pupils: mixed type, wrongly - written and lipographic type, and interfering type; ( 2 ) Based on the information processing theory and the analysis of the mental system of the careless calculation mistakes and the several tests and comparison of the cognition ability between the careless and careful pupils, a comprehensive disorder of cognition, memory and thinking is found to be the direct cause of the careless calculation mistakes, and different types have different levels of disorders in cognition, memory and thinking; (3)The solution of those problems is proposed to eliminate careless calculation mistakes, improve mathematics scores and develop pupils' cognition ability.