主客场赛制中的客场劣势分析

在以往主场优势研究的基础上,对客场劣势的定义、评价、形成原因进行了分析.结果表明:以客主场失败率为基础指标,以总的失败率为参照指标,以客主场失败率差为直接评价指标,可对职业联赛中的客场劣势进行有效评价.从1994到1999年,我国足球联赛存在着明显的客场劣势.1999年足球联赛大部分参赛队存在客场劣势现象.客场劣势的主要原因是运动员对客场参赛环境不适应.造成客场劣势的主要因素有:旅途/时差、气候、赛场环境、赛场气氛、心理.建议针对客场参赛环境,要加强模拟训练,提高运动员对旅途、场地、等客场环境的适应能力,重视运动员的系统心理训练,降低其焦虑水平,减少客场参赛环境因素的消极影响.

Research on away court disadvantage

away court disadvantage; evaluation index; away competition environment On the base of some research on home advantage, the definition, evaluation and cause of away court disadvantage are studied. The conclusions include: 1) the away court disadvantage can be effectively evaluated by the away/home losing percentage as base evaluation index, the average of losing percentage differential as direct evaluation index; there is away court disadvantage in the domestic football competition from 1994 to 1999;2) the causes of away court disadvantage are travel/jet lag, climate, competition arena environment and competition atmosphere; 3) to reinforce simulation training to enhance the adoption ability to away court competition such as travel, competition arena, and attach importance to system mental training to decrease anxiety level are suggested.