问渠哪得清如许?──论包拯清廉的品性和修养

包拯素以清廉而声名久传。清廉，确实是其品行的一大特征，在言论、行为，以及他人的评论方面，都有系统完整的表现。他之所以能够一生清廉，始终不渝，主要来源于其很有特色的思想、品性和修养，也即他的民本忠孝、修身律己、接受批评监督等。而这种基于个人品性修身的清廉，又存在无法克服的阶级和历史的局限性。

BAO Zheng's incorruptness and his self-cultivation

BAO Zheng is renowned for his uprightness. Incorruptibility is indeed one of his outstanding qualities,which is shown fully not only by his speech and behaviour but by other people's comments on him. He is able tobe free from corruption because of his peculiar thoughts, moral characters and upringhtness bearing. Keeping inmind that the people are the noot of a country, he is loyal to his emperor and parents, while strict with himself;he cultivates his moral characters and accepts all the criticism and supervision. However, based on his personalcharacters and hearing, this kind of uprightness has insurmountable limitations of the history and his class status.