动态竞争视角下的专利诉讼风险影响因素研究：基于专利战略差异化的分析

以2010—2020年我国1 516家上市企业作为研究对象，基于动态竞争的“意识-动机-能力”框架，将专利战略分为专有专利战略、防御专利战略和杠杆专利战略3种，探讨不同专利战略所导致的专利诉讼风险差异，同时考察焦点企业面临的市场竞争强度、地方司法保护及政治联系3种外部因素如何通过影响竞争对手的意识、动机和能力调节其专利诉讼行为。结果表明：相比于防御和杠杆专利战略，实施专有专利战略的企业会面临更高的专利诉讼风险；市场竞争强度加强了焦点企业专有专利战略与其面临的专利诉讼风险之间的关系，而焦点企业所处的地区地方司法保护及其政治联系则会削弱上述关系；更强的市场竞争能够增强竞争对手对焦点企业专有专利战略带来的竞争与威胁的意识，促使竞争对手针对竞争信号发起专利诉讼。因此，企业要灵活选择专利战略以降低所面临的专利诉讼风险，特别是实施专有专利战略时需要提前做好应对专利诉讼的预案措施。

Research on the Influencing Factors of Patent Litigation Risk from the Perspective of Dynamic Competition: Analysis based on Patent Strategy Differentiation

In recent years, patent litigation has received extensive attention from scholars as a strategic competition tool among enterprises. From the perspective of dynamic competition, this paper discusses the differences in patent litigation risks caused by different patent strategies of focus enterprises, and examines the moderating effects of market competition intensity, local judicial protection and political connections that focus enterprises face on the above relationship. The results show that firms implementing proprietary patent strategies face higher risk of patent litigation than defensive and leveraged patent strategies. The intensity of market competition strengthens the relationship between the proprietary patent strategy of the focal company and the risk of patent litigation it faces; while the local judicial protection and political connections in the region where the focal company is located will weaken the relationship. This study enriches the theoretical research on the influencing factors of patent litigation risk, and provides early warning analysis on the strategic level for enterprise patent litigation risk management.