时代挑战与未来路向:劳动教育的当代诠释与实践

受传统考试文化、现代消费享乐文化的影响与侵蚀,劳动及其教育观念萎缩的趋势不减,而科技的发展又进一步解放和控制了人的身体,加剧了这种趋势与危机。这些问题的重要认识论根源是身心二元论,劳心者高于劳力者,且认为心的发展与身体无关。其实割裂的机械劳动训练与精神德育灌输,既违背儿童身心发展特征,又逆时代发展。未来,以纯粹体力劳动为生的职业将不复存在,但劳动并不会也不应该消失,它不仅是人类大脑和智力发展的基础活动,而且是学习和创造的重要方式,还将是人们生活和娱乐的一部分。因此,劳动教育也应该回归身心融合的本源,发展面向未来美好生活的具有创造性、娱乐性和综合性的劳动学习,开发适应时代发展和学生兴趣的创生性和融合性劳动课程,让学生的身体、心智与情感等"整全的人"参与到劳动学习与创造中,进而实现劳动意识与习惯以及相关知能意情的全面发展。

The Crisis of Our Age and the Future Direction: The Contemporary Interpretation and Practice of Labor Education

Influenced and eroded by the traditional examination culture and modern consumption-hedonism culture, the shrinking of labor and labor education concepts has intensified. The development science and technology further liberate and control the human body, deepening this trend and crisis. The root of this problem is the mind-body dualism. Simple mechanical labor training or spiritual indoctrination is against the law of children’s physical and mental development and the trend of the age. In the future, the profession of living by pure manual labor will no longer exist, but labor will not and should not disappear. It is not only the basic activity of human brain and intellectual development, but also an important way of learning and creating, and it will also be a part of people’s life and entertainment. Therefore, labor education should also return to the essence of physical and mental integration, develop creative and integrated labor study and labor curriculum that adapt to the development of the times and students’ interests, and let students’ whole body, mental and emotional participate in labor study, so as to promote the development of their labor consciousness and habits, and their related competency.