寒山诗里的马祖与石头

目前关于寒山诗的研究,较多限于禅学语辞与诗的解读;对寒山诗的背景--禅的思想史及其细致脉络,未克作联系性的分析与考释.如果结合马祖思想在中唐时期的盛行与终成流弊的史实,透过<祖堂集>等禅宗史料与诗语的互释,详论其间隐含的观念交涉与思想线索,将可还原其中的禅思想谱系.由此可以发现:寒山诗作为一代禅宗文献,隐然映示了唐代禅宗两大主流的消长过程.原先的马祖一系,正是由于过于强调了"作用是性"的激进思想,而终于分化出其对立面的石头一系.石头对于马祖的颠覆,不仅在其他史料斑斑可考,而且也可用寒山诗来部分证明.通过这样的工作,既为禅宗史发覆祛疑,也为寒山诗发皇心曲.

Ma Zu and Shi Tou in Hanshan Poetry

Current studies on Hanshan poetry more confine themselves to interpretations of Zen's remarks and poems,and yet fail to make an integral analysis of the background of Hanshan poetry,that is,the intellectual history of Zen School and its specific developments.Through a study of mutual interpretations between Zen School's historical materials and poems,this paper concludes that as a generation Zen's literature,Hanshan poetry implicitly displayed the Tang-dynasty Zen School's two major sects' rise and fall.