从“私人语言”到“间接语言”——深入理解《世界的散文》中的“表达”难题

克里普克对于"私人语言"问题的分析最终导致如下的结论:没有任何基本的事实能够对语言的意义进行最终的"确证",只有从某个"群体"出发才能确立起对"遵守规则"进行检验的标准.梅洛-庞蒂在《世界的散文》之中更为关注新意义的创造,并通过对"间接语言"的分析进一步阐释了这个"表达"的向度.在对"算法"的分析之中可以看出二者之问的深刻异同.

Private Language and Indirect Language: On the Problem of Expression in La prose du monde

In his masterpiece, Kripe gives a thorough and original analysis of Wittgenstein's problem of private language. He argues that no primary facts (no matter external or internal) could serve as the ultimate justification for the meaning of language, and only within a specifiable community could we establish such a testing standard of obeying rules. In one of his later works La prose du monde, Merleau-Ponty also focuses on the creation of new meanings and the expression-moment of indirect language. The relationship and difference between the two thinkers could be better understood on the topic of arithmetic rules.