美国海洋和大气领域政策导向转变及2020财年计划调整——基于NOAA2011—2020财年总统预算分析

基于NOAA公布的2011—2020财年总统预算信息,对预算案经费变化趋势、投向投量和预算内容进行评析,以此考察美国政府在海洋大气领域宏观政策导向的变化。研究显示:(1)2016财年后,美国重新聚焦国家安全和核心政府职能,国家海洋管理政策从保护海洋环境为主转变为保障经济发展为主的新政策,NOAA预算资金大幅降低;(2)降低极端天气和水文事件的影响、最大化海洋和海岸带资源的经济贡献、空间创新成为NOAA未来一段时期的工作重点和优先事项;(3)为确保核心职能和优先事项,2020财年,NOAA六大直属机构做出诸多计划调整。

Strategic orientation transformation and work plan of NOAA based on the President budget analysis for fiscal year 2011-2020

Based on the president budget information released by NOAA for the fiscal year 2011-2020, this paper evaluates and analyses the trend of budgetary expenditure, investment volume and budget content, so as to investigate the change of the macro strategic orientation of the U.S. government in the field of marine and atmosphere, and to provide useful reference for China to determine its ocean development strategy. Research shows: First, after fiscal year 2016, the United States has shifted to a more effective government management mode, refocusing on national security and core government functions. National marine management policies shifted from protecting Marine environment to ensuring economic development. The NOAA budget funds have been greatly reduced; Second, reducing the impacts of extreme weather and water events, maximizing the economic contributions of ocean and coastal resources, and spatial innovation will be NOAA"s priorities in the coming period; In order to ensure core functions and priorities, the six directly affiliated institutions of NOAA will make a lot of planning adjustments in fiscal year 2020.