近代中国同业公会的传统特色

同业公会是民国初期工商业者成立的新式行业组织，在近代中国经济发展进程中发挥了重要作用。但在近代中国新旧杂陈的转型过渡时期，许多新生的事物都或多或少地在某些方面保留着旧的残余，不仅旧中有新，而且新中亦有旧。同业公会也是如此，它虽属近代新型工商同业组织，但也保留着某些旧式行会的特色。其中比较突出的表现，即是继续采取与行会类似的维护同业垄断利益的非常举措，对官府也同样存在着较强的依赖性，常常借助官府的权威达到保护本业和限制他业发展的目的。同业公会保留的这种行会传统，有违营业自由和平等竞争的市场经济发展原则，也不利于一些行业在技术改良、设备更新、开拓市场等方面的进取革新，从一个侧面反映了近代中国资本主义经济发展的曲折与复杂特点。

Traditional Characteristics of Chinese Trade Association in Modern Times

Trade Association was a new type of guild organization established by businessmen during the initial period of the Republic of China, which played an important role in Chinese economic development in modern times. However, during that transitional period, many newly emerging things, to some extent, retained some old remnants, so was Trade Association. Though Trade Association belonged to new-typed business guild organizations, it still remained some characteristics of old-typed guilds. The most conspicuous expression was that it continued to take similar measures as guilds to protect its monopolist profits and had much dependence on the local authorities to protect itself and restrict the development of other businesses. The guild tradition kept by Trade Association violated the market-oriented economic development principles such as business freedom and equal competition. At the same time, it was unfavorable for some trades to make progress and innovations in some fields like technique improvement, renewal equipment and market expansion and so on. All these above indirectly reflected the complicated characteristics of the economic development of Chinese capitalism in modern times.