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The “Batman Effect”: Improving Perseverance in Young Children
Authors:Rachel E. White  Emily O. Prager  Catherine Schaefer  Ethan Kross  Angela L. Duckworth  Stephanie M. Carlson
Affiliation:1. Hamilton College and University of Pennsylvania;2. University of Minnesota;3. University of Michigan;4. University of Pennsylvania
Abstract:This study investigated the benefits of self‐distancing (i.e., taking an outsider's view of one's own situation) on young children's perseverance. Four‐ and 6‐year‐old children (N = 180) were asked to complete a repetitive task for 10 min while having the option to take breaks by playing an extremely attractive video game. Six‐year‐olds persevered longer than 4‐year‐olds. Nonetheless, across both ages, children who impersonated an exemplar other—in this case a character, such as Batman—spent the most time working, followed by children who took a third‐person perspective on the self, or finally, a first‐person perspective. Alternative explanations, implications, and future research directions are discussed.
Keywords:
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