文献综述的归类划分与特征辨析--体育学硕士研究生能力培养和学术规范的反思

文献综述依据综述的目的和文本的性质可分为：学术性文献综述与研究性文献综述。学术性文献综述，是在学术层面、因学术问题而作的文献综述，其成果可以直接在学术刊物上发表。学术性文献综述具有以下文本特征：强调权威性以保证学术基调和保持学术品味；强调经典性以明晰学术走向和把握学术格局；强调前沿性以判断学术态势和突破学术僵持；强调导向性以凸显学术预测和实现学术引领。研究性文献综述，不是相对独立的、完整意义上的研究，而是为保证研究流程有理、有据、有效进行的必要学术准备，具有较大的研究从属性，通常是不能直接或不宜直接在学术刊物上发表。对于硕士研究生的培养，研究性文献综述具有以下阶段特征：选题阶段立足发现问题；开题阶段立足提出问题；结题阶段立足认识问题。

Classification and Characteristic Analysis of Literature Review

Literature review can be divided into academic literature review and research literature review according to its purpose and nature of text. Academic literature review targets academic problems on academic level, and its results can be directly published in academic journals. The text features of academic literature lie in its empha-sis on the following points: being authoritative so as to ensure the academic tone and maintain the academic taste, being classic so as to clarify academic trend and grasp the academic landscape, being at academic fron-tier so as to determine academic trend and break through the academic stalemate, being academic oriented so as to highlight academic prediction and takes lead in academic studies. Research literature review is not independ-ent research in terms of completeness, but necessary preparation to ensure that the research process is rational and efficient. Research literature review, subordinate in nature, cannot be directly or should not be directly published in academic journals. For postgraduate training, research literature review has the following phrasal characteristics:defining problems in topic-choosing stage;forming questions in research proposal-preparing stage;understanding problems in research- concluding stage.