国内外零团费研究综述

通过对国内外零团费相关文献的梳理，从研究阶段、概念界定、相关理论和研究内容4个方面，总结国内外零团费的研究进展。研究表明：零团费的研究尚处于起步阶段；以经济学为主要理论基础，研究视角集中在政府、旅游企业、导游等方面，较少从核心主体旅游者视角的切入；研究内容集中在成因、影响、治理及出境游等4个方面；研究方法以定性阐述为主，缺乏实证研究。

A literature review of researches on the domestic and overseas zero inclusive - fee

By combing the correlative literature of zero inclusive - fee both at home and abroad, this article summarizes the domes- tic and overseas research progress of zero inclusive - fee from the following four aspects, namely the research phase, the definition, the related theory and the research content. The author points out that the research is still in the initial stage. Economics is the main theoretical basis. The main research perspective centralizes the government, tourism enterprises, and the tourist guide and so on, few from the perspective of the tourists, the core subject. The research contents mainly focus on the following four aspects, namely the cause, the effect, the governance and the outbound tourism. Qualitative research method is prior to the empirical re- search. Finally the author points out the future research directions of zero inclusive - fee.