西方学徒制的历史演变及思考

本文沿着历史的脉络，以学徒制的制度形态变化为主要依据，将学徒制的历史分为了前学徒制、中世纪的行会学徒制、16-18世纪的国家立法学徒制、工业革命后的集体商议学徒制、二战后的现代学徒制五个阶段，分别对各个时期影响学徒制的历史背景以及学徒制的发展状况、制度形态和教学形式进行了阐述并在对不同阶段学徒制进行综合比较的基础上，讨论与总结了学徒制历史演变的基本特征与驱动因素。

Reflections on the History of Western Apprenticeship

Based on the historical reviews, this article divides the evolvement of apprenticeship in western countries into five stages: pre-apprenticeship, guild apprenticeship in Middle Age, statute apprenticeship in 16-18 century, collective bargained apprenticeship after industry revolutions, and modern apprenticeship after World War II. The backgrounds, institutions and training forms of each stage are described respectively. Based on comparison, some features of and driving forces behind the evolvement are concluded in the end.