从魏晋南北朝文人家训看其理想人格的建构与实践

魏晋南北朝文人在家训中经常真实表达他们的道德信念与对理想人格的追求。其理想人格的建构模式基本是通过树立修身典范与道德楷模的方式来凸显理想人格。其理想人格的基本特质是：其一，胸怀大志，立志高远；其二，坚守道德信念，具有严格的道德自律精神；其三，对社会现实具有强烈的忧患意识。由于时代背景、社会氛围与个人经历等诸多因素造成理想人格实践过程的艰难与曲折，具体表现为：其一，理想层文人对理想人格的坚守；其二，现实层文人理想人格的丧失；第三，徘徊于理想层与现实层之间的文人理想人格具体实践的两难选择。

On the Construction and Practice of Ideal Personality from Scholar's Family Discipline during the Weijin and South-North Dynasty

The scholars in the Weijin and the South-North Dynasty often truly expressed in their family discipline their moral beliefs and pursuits to their ideal personality. The construction mode of their ideal personality was mainly to create the ideal personality by becoming the moral models and setting good examples. The basic features of their ideal personality were as follows: First, they owned lofty aspirations; Second, they were loyal to their moral beliefs; Third, they had strong consciousness about the society. A variety of factors, such as times, social situation and personal experience, made it extremely difficult to shape the ideal personality. The following were its specific aspects: The ideal scholars stuck to their ideal personality; The practical scholars lost their ideal personality; Scholars who wavered between ideal personality and real personality found it hard to make a choice.