教学策略、方法与结构——以知识与技能教学为例

教学策略是使学生掌握学习结果并形成互动的主要媒介。教学方法是教学策略的一个组成要素,也是传递学习内容并提供学习指导以保证学生掌握所学知识技能的过程。教学策略和方法本身很难说有什么好坏优劣之分,只不过不同的人适合不同的策略,而选择合适的教学策略的目的就是为了充分发挥其功效而不至于浪费或误用。课堂教学结构是指在教学中发挥特定功能的可资辨别的要素。它是教学过程中的基本构成板块,也是充分发挥教学功能,提高教学效率所必需的。课堂教学结构中的核心成分包括:明确教学目标,导入新课,聚焦核心知识点,提供举例或说明,开展练习和给予反馈。各类教学策略或者方法都可以在课堂教学结构中得到运用。

Instructional Strategies, Methods and Lesson Components——Exampling knowledge and skill instruction

Instructional strategy is the principal vehicle for providing the level of human interaction required to meet the learning objectives for a target population. The instructional method is a component of the instructional strategy. It is the process used to deliver the training content and to provide guidance for students to retain the knowledge and skills imparted. Each instructional strategy has been proven to be very effective when used with certain students and has also been found to be less effective when used with other students. The purpose of selecting an appropriate instructional strategy is to take full advantage of these powerful and proven learning tools without misusing them. Lesson components can be defined as the identifiable elements that perform specific functions in the lesson. Lesson components are the basic building blocks of a lesson and are generally required if the lesson is to be maximally effective and efficient. Key elements or pieces of instruction that can be referred to as lesson components include: objective, introduction, essential or core information, examples or demonstration, practice, and feedback. Various instructional strategies and method can wield their power in lesson components.