两淮盐业中的垄断经营与手工生产者的困境

清朝和民国前期,食盐手工业的生产受到政府的严密控制,并实行高度垄断的专商制度。直接从事食盐生产的灶丁、盐民,由于国家政策造成的超经济强制和身份制的限制,无法分润盐业的任何利益,无法接近核心权力或找到自己的利益代言人。尤为重要的是,这些手工业生产者无法通过发展生产来改善自己的境遇,任何时候他们都是当然的被牺牲者。与盐业相关各阶层的形成,不是基于同等机遇的社会同一起步线,而是基于与国家核心权力的亲疏远近的关系。与核心权力越接近的集团,分润的利益也就越多。

The Monopoly Management And The Dilemma Of Salt Producer In The Liang Huai Salt Industry

The salt production was firmly controlled by the central governments in Qing dynasty and early Republican period.The real salt producers were not able to share any interest of salt because of super economic coerce and the limit of identity.They could not approach the decisive power and find out the representative to vindicate their own interests.The most importantly,they could not improve their living condition through enlarging production.They had always been the consequent victims in every period.The formation of various groups in salt industry based on the relations between a certain group and the central power;therefore,the salt interest distribution was determined by political power.