美国院校研究中的校友研究

在美国院校研究中,校友分为学位校友、非学位校友、朋友(或准校友)三个群体.美国校友研究最初将校友视作学校服务的“消费者”,而后随着社会的发展,开始将其视为学校的“供给者”.校友研究产生于20世纪30年代,新公共管理运动后进入快速发展阶段,由主要关注学校内部公众,转为更多关注外部公众.近年来校友研究的主要内容是校友产出、参与及能力发展、校友捐赠.校友研究主要应用于经费筹集,招生就业,提高学校声誉,为政策制定提供信息,改善与政府、市场和社会的关系等方面.

Alumni Research in American Institutional Research

Alumni research is an important part of American institutional research.When alumni research should be defined,attention should be paid to degree alumni,non-degree alumni,friends or associate alumni.Alumni were seen as consumers to the institutions in the initialresearches and then were seen as long-term providers to the institution.Alumni research was launched in 1930s and developed rapidly after the New Public Management,when the main concern turned from internal constituencies to external constituencies.In recent years,the content of alumni research has been alumni outcomes,engagement and competencies and alumni giving.Alumni research may be used in fundraising,enrollment and employment,improving the reputation of institutions,providing information to policy makers,and improving the relationship with the government,market and society.