森林生态系统服务流量过程研究

生态系统服务研究是生态学和生态经济学研究的热点和前沿，但迄今为止对生态系统服务流量过程的研究在世界范围内仍处于薄弱环节。本文以千烟洲中亚热带人工林生态系统为例，以2005年-2007年3年的定位监测数据为基础，研究了4类典型生态系统服务的流量过程。研究表明，千烟洲森林生态系统的年均生物量生产、气体调节、水源涵养和土壤保持服务价值的范围分别为（497.48±33.66） 元/（hm²·a）、（2189.21±247.18） 元/（hm²·a）、（1432.40±454.32）元/（hm²·a）和（224.55±8.82）元/(hm²·a)。4类典型生态系统服务流量均表现出显著的季节变化，生物量生产、气体调节和水源涵养服务表现为连续性实现，而土壤保持服务为离散型实现。年内某些日，森林生态系统产生负的气体调节和水源涵养流量。就各月平均流量而言，水源涵养和土壤保持服务的最大流量发生在6月份，分别为274.74 元/（hm²·month）和47.89元/（hm²·month），生物量生产的最大流量出现在8月，为65.19元/（hm²·month），最大的气体调节服务流量出现在7月，为303.67元/（hm²·month）。对于生物量生产、气体调节、水源涵养和土壤保持服务，夏季产生的相应服务价值分别占38.11%、37.15%，25.67%和42.53%。本研究有助于增进对生态系统服务形成机理与强度的认知，同时能为生态系统服务的保育提供依据。

Flow Processes of Forest Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem services have become a hot topic in the ecological and ecological economics community. Still, few studies have been performed to explore flow processes through which annual economic value of ecosystem services are delivered; inadequate observations at local and regional scales significantly limit the studies. In the present paper, the authors estimated the flow processes of four typical ecosystem services delivered by Qianyanzhou plantation ecosystems based on 3-year observational data obtained from Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem Flux Research Network (ChinaFLUX) by means of simulations. Results showed that economic value of biomass production, gas regulation, water conservation, soil conservation were 497.48±33.66 yuan/(hm²·a), 2189.21±247.18 yuan/(hm²·a), 1432.40±454.32 yuan/(hm²·a) and 224.55±8.82 yuan/(hm²·a), respectively. There existed apparent seasonal variation trends in the flows of the four ecosystem services. It was found that the flow processes of biomass production service, gas regulation service and water conservation service appeared to be continuous curves, whereas the flow processes of soil conservation services exhibited a discrete distribution. The flows of biomass production service generally ranged from 0.14 yuan/(hm²·d) to 3.37 yuan/(hm²·d), the flow of gas regulation service ranged from -22.64 yuan/(hm²·d) to 28.77 yuan/(hm2·d), and the ecosystems delivered positive gas regulation services for more than 280 days within a year. The forest ecosystems delivered both positive and negative water conservation services, showing a mean minimum and maximum flow of -10.14 yuan/(hm²·d) and 142.24 yuan/(hm²·d), respectively. It was also found that within a year, there was only about 40 days when the forest ecosystems delivered soil conservation services, with suggesting a peak flow of soil conservation of 28.92 yuan/(hm²·d). At the monthly scale, the mean maximum flows of biomass production service occurred in August, while that of water conservation services and soil conservation services occurred in June, being equal to 274.74 yuan/(hm²·month) and 47.89 yuan/(hm²·month), respectively. The gas regulation services peaked in July, showing a mean maximum flow of 303.67 yuan/(hm²·month). Furthermore, the proportions of value accumulated in summer for biomass production ranged from 36.44% in 2007 to 39.67% in 2006, and that of gas regulation ranged from 25.77% in 2007 to 43.67% in 2006. The mean proportions of value accumulated in summer for water conservation and soil conservation were 25.67% and 42.53%, respectively. The study would provide an insight into the mechanisms of ecosystem services delivery and their dynamic variations as well as ecosystem services nursery.