论"沉默"与沉默权的区分

沉默是诉讼程序中人们保护自我的消极言论方式,具有法律意义.沉默权是一种特殊的权利.沉默权问题涉及证据规则的告知,涉及沉默与沉默权之间的区别.国家司法机关在刑事诉讼中应当履行被追诉人行为后果的告知义务,使涉嫌其中的人了解影响其重大利益的相关法律规定,使其充分知悉相关情况后,选择沉默还是作出言辞陈述,形成证据意义上的口供.当前,沉默权争议的焦点在于"有权沉默"的赋予与是否进行"有权沉默"的司法告知.基于法律的精神,我国不应确立沉默权制度,但应当告知口供证据的法律意义及言辞陈述的法律后果.

On Theoretical Distinction Between "Keeping Silence" and Silence-keeping Right

Keeping silent is a passive way of self- protection in proceedings, which has legal significance, while silence- keeping right is involved with the evidence- rule informing and the distinctions between keeping silence and silence- keeping right. The national judicial organization should perform its informing obligations in advance to let people involved understand the relevant laws and provisions which greatly affect their interests, so that with all the information they may choose to keep silent or present verbal statements which function as affidavit in the sense of testimony. Nowadays the controversial focus of silence- keeping lies in the entrustment with silence- keeping right and the informing of silence- keeping right. According to the spirit of the law, the system of the silence - keeping right should not be established in China, but the legal significance on verbal evidences and legal outcome on verbal statements.