农地整治项目农民有效参与的测度及其诊断——以湖北省为例

农民有效参与是提升农地整治项目绩效的重要途径,如何避免无效或低效的农民参与是我国农地整治领域当前急需解决的重要课题。首先,本文以托马斯的公民参与的有效决策模型为理论基础,分析了该模型在实践运用中存在的不足,并进一步以重构的新模型为基础提出了农地整治项目农民有效参与的概念模型;其次,从农民参与的主体、参与领域、参与渠道、参与深度、参与效度等5个维度建立了农地整治项目农民有效参与的指标体系及测度模型;然后,以湖北省10个县(市、区)农地整治项目实地调研的数据为基础,分别测度了农地整治项目选址与立项决策阶段、规划设计阶段、施工与竣工验收阶段的农民有效参与度,并从上述5个维度所包含的21个指标等方面对农民有效参与进行了诊断。研究表明:从参与领域来看,农民参与的平均比例均偏低,施工与竣工验收阶段相对较高,选址与立项决策阶段最低;从参与主体来看,以农民组织为主,普通农民参与的比例并不高,且农民参与的代表性较差;从参与渠道来看,参与渠道相对较少且适宜性一般;从参与深度来看,项目各阶段的情况均不理想,规划设计阶段的农民参与深度较低,而其他阶段则更低;从参与效度来看,除农民意见的表达效果相对较为理想外,农民参与的自主性、充分性、对农民意见的接受程度、未接受意见的反馈情况等方面与理想状况有较大距离。

Measure and diagnosis of effective participation of farmers in rural land consolidation projects in Hubei Province

The effective participation of farmers is an important way to promote rural land consolidation(RLC)performance. Avoiding farmer participation becoming a mere formality and ineffective participation is an urgent topic in current farmland management. Based on Thomas' public effective participation in decision-making model we analyze shortcomings when the Thomas stochastic analysis model is introduced in practice in China and abroad. On the basis of reconstructing a new model to define the connotation of farmer effective participation in RLC,we put forward a conceptual model and establish an index system and measurement model of farmer effective participation in RLC in China. Based on the investigation data of RLC in 10 counties of Hubei province,we measure the effective participation of farmers at every stage. We found that from the point of the field of participation,construction and completion stage is relatively high,the lowest stage is the project decision-making stage;from the view of the participators,mainly to farmer organizations,the participation rate of ordinary peasants is not high and representation of farmers is poor;from the point of participation channels,it is relatively less and suitable in general. From the depth of participation,the situation is not ideal at all stages of the project:the depth of farmer participation is low in the planning and design stages,while the other stages are lower. From the validity of participation,the reality of the autonomy of farmer participation,sufficiency of farmer participation,acceptance of farmers' opinions,and feedback about not accepted opinions have greater distance compared to the ideal condition.