隐喻与词汇习得

隐喻的基本原理是把一个概念域系统地投射到另一个概念域，通过已知事物与未知事物的对比来认识和表达新事物。隐喻的认知和思维模式使人能够以有限的词汇来表达丰富的思想，保持语言系统的开放与活力，从而达到语言经济性。名词化是实现语法隐喻最有效的手段，它具有其他词类不可比拟的提炼或打包功能，使所要表达的信息更加精练和抽象，句子信息密度大；但往往也给中国学生带来了诸多理解的难度。要真正掌握好英语词汇，就必须了解以英语为母语的人的思维方式，培养英语的隐喻思维模式；教师在教学过程中应该坚持语言输入与输出并重的原则，在阅读教学时不仅仅把注意力放在语言点和语法上，还应该帮助学生体会以英语为母语的人的认识世界和划分世界的方式。

Metaphor and Word-acquisition

Metaphor is a fundamental mechanism in human thinking which projects one concept into another conceptual domain. By comparing the unknown with the known in this projection, it is easy for people to understand and express the unknown. The cognitive model of metaphor helps people express unlimited thoughts by limited words,and this is why the language system is open and achieves economy. Nominalization is the most powerful source of metaphor,for it can package much information and express mere with fewer words in a sentence. This is where difficulties lie for Chinese students. To have a good command of English vocabulary, it is necessary to know how the native English speakers think when speaking,and he familiar with the metaphorical model of English. Therefore the teacher should attach importance to language input and output, and not only make the students skilled at grammar and language points, but also help them understand how native English speakers view the world.