论对等原则－不平等的合理性限度

平等原则只能对人与人之间在哪些方面应该平等予以辩护，却不能对人与人之间的不平等作出解释。后需要对等原则来说明。对等原则相对于平等原则的特点是：它们都是对人与人之间关系的把握，但前都只关注人与人的差别性，后则关注人与人的相同性；前则只起维护社会秩序的作用；对等原则与平等原则的这些区别源于它们具有不同的根据。对等原则以人是功能的人为根据，即社会根据每个人的功能大小及性质来分配各种利益。它的具体内容是权利和义务对等的原则及付出与获得对等的原则。

Discussing Reciprocity Principle--The Rational Limitation of Inequality

The principle of equality can only explain the question which aspects people should be equal, but cannot explain the existing inequality among people. The latter needs illustration of the principle of reciprocity. The principle of reciprocity and the principle of equality both concern the relationships among people, but the former concerns mainly the disparity between persons, while the latter focuses on common factors among them; the former points to interests, while the latter guarantees rights; the former involves social order and stimulates social development as well, while the latter only maintains the social order. The differences between the two principles come from their different theoretical bases. The principle of reciprocity defines human beings as functional, that is, the society distributes interests according to the size and nature of everyone's function, it is made up of the principles of reciprocity between rights and obligations and between payment and gains.