关于重金属污染土壤风险控制区划的研究与建议

我国的土壤重金属污染已经威胁到农产品质量安全和人体健康,全国约有19.4%的耕地调查样点超过土壤环境质量限量标准。由于我国土壤污染程度的区域尺度空间分布不均衡以及造成污染的重金属种类繁多、受污染的地区经济水平差异较大,因此需要通过风险控制区划实现不同地区的风险控制和土壤修复。文章在介绍土壤重金属风险控制区划的系统性原则、一致性原则、主导性原则和动态性原则的基础上,提出了区域土壤重金属风险控制区划方法体系,包括土壤重金属风险分区分级方法和重金属风险控制与修复区划方法。

Discussion on Zoning of Soil Environmental Risk Control and Remediation Contaminated by HeavyMetals on Regional Scale

The heavy metal contamination of soils has brought threat to the agricultural product quality and safety as well as to human health in China. The condition of approximately 19.4% of the sampling spots of plough around China exceeded the lim- itation of environmental quality standard. Research groups in the Chinese Academy of Sciences have gained some experiences on developing and applying of technology for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. However, deficiencies still exists in the application of the technology. In order to promote the applying of soil remediation technology as a solvent for the heavy metal contamination of soils in China, future promotions are recommended to be made in three major fields： 1, launch studies on the zoning of soil environmental risk control on regional scale; 2, the industrialization pattern of soil remediation should be explored according to local conditions, demonstration of industrialization should be set up; 3, the construction of soil remedia- tion project should be enhanced as demonstration of soil remediation, and further setting up relevant technique codes and reme- diation standards