乌蒙山片区矿产资源开发功能分区及扶贫政策探索

中国贫困地区蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,但生态环境较为脆弱,交通、水利等基础设施相对滞后,如何统筹协调矿产资源开发与生态环境及其他影响要素之间的关系,合理有序开发矿产资源,是当前实施开发式扶贫过程中迫切需要研究和解决的关键问题。本研究从功能区划角度出发,选择贫困程度较深、矿产资源开发与生态环境保护矛盾较为突出的乌蒙山片区为研究对象,构建了矿产资源开发功能区划的指标体系,对矿产资源丰度、生态环境指数、交通优势度、缺水程度、工业化水平等要素进行了分县评价,根据评价结果,采用判别分析法将乌蒙山片区划分为重点开发区、保护性开发区和限制性开发区三种功能区类别,并针对各功能区特点提出了差别化的矿产资源开发、管理与扶持政策。研究结果不仅能够为乌蒙山片区实施开发式扶贫提供决策支撑,对其他贫困地区同样具有一定参考价值。

Study on the functional division of mineral resources development and poverty alleviation policy in Wumeng Mountain Area

China's poverty-stricken areas are rich in mineral resources where the ecological environment is rather fragile, i. e. , the transportation, water conservancy, and other infrastructure are relatively lag behind. How to overall coordinate the relationship between mineral resources development and ecological environment and the other influencing factor is one of the key problems that need to study and solve in the process of the development oriented poverty relief. In this study, from the perspective of functional zoning, we selected the Wumeng Mountain Area, which has a relatively deeper degree of poverty and the conspicuous contradiction between the development of mineral resources and the ecological environment protection, as a case study area. We identified the resources, environment, economy, society and other factors and constructed the index system of functional zoning of mineral resources development. We evaluated the factors such as abundance of mineral resources, ecological environment index, traffic dominance degree, water shortage degree, and industrialization level. Based on the evaluation results, the discriminant analysis method was used to divide the Wumeng Mountain Area into three functional zones: key development zone, protective development zone, and restrictive development zone. We further characterized differentiated mineral resources development, management and support policies on the basis of deficient characteristics of each functional area. The key development zones should strengthen mineral exploration, guide the concentration of mining production factors, and extend the industrial chain; the protective development zone should improve the planning requirements of mineral resources exploration and development, and recovery the destruction of mine geological environment in time; the restrictive development zone should control the development intensity of mineral resources and accelerate the establishment and implementation of ecological compensation mechanism. The results not only provide decision-making support for the development-oriented poverty alleviation in Wumeng Mountain Area, but also have certain reference value for other poor areas.