林业政策研究的发展及理论框架综述

由于学科发展旅程的断裂和重视程度不够,中国林业政策研究面临理论缺失的困境。为弥补这一不足,本文采用文献综述和专家咨询的研究方法,梳理了国内外林业政策科学研究的发展历程,分析中国林业政策研究滞后的原因,并归纳林业政策研究的特性。在此基础上,介绍了国际林业政策分析的常用理论框架并探讨了各理论模型间的关系及应用状况。研究表明：林业政策研究具有潜在复杂性、注重跨学科思考和问题导向性三种重要特性,这些特性决定中国林业政策分析必须建立更具开放性、包容性的研究体系;国际林业政策研究已形成较为成熟的理论分析框架,国内林业政策学界的研究内容亟待从深受政府决策影响的政策评论与绩效评价转向关注林业政策制定、执行、评估等政策过程的理论分析。根据中国林业政策研究的发展阶段和国情,指出可将分析中国林业政策变迁过程和紧跟国际研究前沿作为追赶西方学界的重要切入点,并强调应警惕西方理论检验中国实践时出现模型失真,同时要加强本土化的林业政策哲学研究。

Review of forest policy research progress and theory frameworks

Interruption to forest policy analysis and a lack of sufficient attention has meant that forest policy study in China lacks strong theoretical frameworks. Here, a literature review and Delphi approach were adopted to examine the historical process of forest policy analysis research, and understand why China’s forest policy research lags behind western countries. We summarized three important features shared by the forest policy research community: potential complexity, emphasize interdisciplinary thinking and stress issue-oriented study. We introduce six practicable theory frameworks: Policy Stages Model, Multiple Streams Approach, Punctuated Equilibrium Framework, Ambiguity—Conflict Model, Institutional Rational Choice, and Advocacy Coalition Framework. China’s forest policy research community should turn their attention from policy appraisal and comment, both highly affected by official authority, to theory analysis of forest policy processes such as policymaking, implementation and evaluation. Based on China’s development stage we anticipate that focus on historical forest policy change research and academic frontiers can act as two critical entry points for China’s forest policy research community integrated into the international research community. We should keep our eyes open on whether western theory frameworks fit China’s fact as these theories were established using a Western context and may need to be adapted for China. Policy philosophy should keep pace with theory application.