中国资源循环利用产业政策演进特征研究

发展资源循环利用产业能有效缓解资源紧缺、环境污染的双重约束。为促进产业发展,中国政府制定一系列产业政策,并根据产业发展特点和需求不断修正和调整政策重点,政策处于持续发展和演进过程中。深入研究资源循环利用产业的演进特征,对于准确把握其阶段性重点和发展趋势、探究政策演进的内在逻辑、促进政策体系的优化完善具有重要意义。本文运用共词分析法和社会网络分析法,以1978—2016年中国中央政府颁发的172份政策文本为分析对象,根据高频词聚类结果,从政策主题、利用对象、产业链环节、政策措施四个维度刻画不同阶段的政策特征,探寻政策演进规律及影响因素。研究发现：①从政策发展历程分析,中国资源循环利用产业政策体系经历了探索起步、初步形成、快速发展和战略深化四个阶段。②从政策演进规律分析,政策主题由宏观向具体转变、利用对象由工业废弃物向生产和生活废弃物转变、产业链环节由回收环节向全产业链转变、政策措施由单一型向复合型转变。③从政策演进动因分析,外部宏观环境和产业自身特点共同作用影响着中国资源循环利用产业政策的演进历程。论文最后提出完善中国资源循环利用产业政策的相关建议。

The evolution of China’s resource recycling industry policy

The development of the resource recycling industry can alleviate the dual constraints of resource shortages and environmental pollution. To promote the development of this industry, the Chinese government has formulated a series of industrial policies and revised and adjusted the policy priorities according to the characteristics of the resource recycling industry. Policies are in the process of continuous development and evolution. Further research on the evolution characteristics of the resource recycling industry is of great significance for accurately grasping key points and development trends, exploring the internal logic of policy evolution, and promoting the optimization and perfection of policy. However, few studies have been carried out in this field. Based on the systemic collection of resource recycling industry policies issued by the Chinese Central Government and related departments from 1978 to 2016, we conducted co-words analysis and social network analysis for 172 policy texts from four dimensions: policy theme, recycling objects, industry chain links and policy instruments. We found that the historical evolution of China’s resource recycling industry policies has experienced four stages: exploratory stage (1978—2002), preliminary formation stage (2003—2008), rapidly growing stage (2009—2011), and strategic deepening stage (2012 onward). The evolution of industrial policy has a certain regularity. Policy themes have evolved from macro to specific; recycling objects have evolved from industrial waste to production and living waste; industry chain links have evolved from recycling to the whole industrial chain; and policy instruments have evolved from a single type to the complex type. The influencers of industrial policy evolution are complex and changeable. The external macro environment and industry characteristics all impact the evolution of China’s resource recycling industry policy.