再生水回用公众心理感染现象的验证及影响策略

考虑到再生水回用所具备的环保和公益属性,本文通过引入单类内隐联想测验的实验手段,避免了社会偏好等因素对于调查结果的影响,获取了更为接近公众对于再生水回用真实态度的内隐态度。从内隐态度的角度,验证了公众存在因再生水经由污水处理而成,而拒绝使用再生水的“心理感染”现象。并通过将公众对于再生水回用的内隐态度,与通过自陈式问卷获取的公众对于再生水回用的外显态度进行对比,发现了外显态度相对内隐态度更为积极的现象,为当前中国再生水回用推广过程中所遭遇的“叫好不叫座”现象,给出了科学解释。最后,通过在实验室环境下分别模拟环保动机激发策略、示范引导策略和知识普及策略的作用原理,设计干预刺激。并将实验参与人随机分为三组,分别施与三种类型干预刺激。通过比较干预刺激前后实验参与人员的再生水回用内隐态度测量结果,发现环保动机激发,示范引导,知识普及三种类型干预策略均能在一定程度上克服居民对再生水回用的心理感染现象,提升居民再生水回用内隐态度的积极程度,其中示范引导策略的作用效果最为明显。

Verification and influence strategies of residents' spiritual cognition of recycled water reuse

Considering the different natures of recycled water, such as environmental protection and public welfare, we used a single category implicit association test (SC-IAT) to avoid the influence that some factors (e. g. social preferences) have on the research outcomes and to arrive at a more accurate understanding of public attitudes towards recycled water. From the perspective of implicit attitude, it proved the“spiritual contagion” phenomenon of the public to refuse the use of recycled because it comes from processed polluted water. This made a comparison between the implicit attitude of the public towards reclaimed water and the public’s explicit attitude towards the use of recycled water through self-report questionnaires. The implicit attitude of the public is more active than the explicit attitude, which provides a scientific explanation for the issue why reclaimed water is not approved by most citizens. Experimental variables were used to simulate the strategy to motivate the environmental protection motivation, demonstration guiding strategy and working mechanism of knowledge publicity. Besides, intervention simulation has been designed, and participants in the experimental group are divided into three groups to receive three types of intervention simulation. By using comparative variables to change the attitude of participants before and after the test, three types of intervening strategies can help citizens conquer their spiritual contagion attitude toward reclaimed water and improve their attitude toward the reuse of water. The demonstration guiding strategy had the most significant effect, is very important for the use of recycled water and has a large effect on residents’ attitudes.