农业文化与《诗经》的史诗及饥者劳者之歌

用“叙述英雄冒险事迹”的定义来衡量,《诗经》中没有史诗,但如以“英雄诗”相取,《大雅》中有五首,其中的《生民》、《公刘》、《绵》歌颂了周人的祖先对农业的贡献和迁徙创业的历程。西周史诗与荷马史诗有明显的不同倾向,一崇尚流血的英雄主义,一推尊首领的勤劳精神。农业化的精神体现在《诗经》的饥劳之歌中,土地制度不断变化,农人一直生活得很艰辛,劳动的欢乐少见,而饥馑的忧患甚多。以农耕为本,必然反对战争和徭役。安土重迁、骨肉相附,是农业化造就的民族性格,《诗经》中蕴含的反战情绪和忧患意识一直贯注在后来的诗歌中。

Agricultural Culture and the Epic in the Book of Songs and Songs Born in Famine Victim and Laborer

Judged from the definition of "describing the heroic dangerous deeds", there is no epic in the Book of Songs, but there are five in "Elegance"from the point of "hero poems". Among them, Shengmin, Gongliu and Mian praise Zhou' ancestors' achievements to agriculture and its process of pioneering. There is a striking difference between the epic written in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Hema, one favouring heroism while another diligence of their head. The spirit of agricultural culture is embodied in the Book of Songs with the continuous change of land system, farmers living a rather hard life, less pleasure, more starvation. Basing on farming, opposing wars and mebility forms the national character. Anti - wor emotion and suffering conciousness have gone through the whole poem.