江苏省不同社会阶层人群体育活动特点与变化趋势研究——以南京市为例

从社会分层结构的角度透视江苏省不同社会阶层居民体育活动特点。结果显示:1)社会各阶层的体育意识和体育动机有一定差别,处于社会上层、中上层的市民有较强的体育意识和多样的体育动机,而居社会下层、中下层的社会群体其体育意识单薄,体育动机单一,以健身目的为主;2)江苏省城市居民在体育活动时间和频率的安排上表现为不同社会阶层市民间均存在显著差异,社会上层、中上层市民活动频率比较多,且一般时间多在晚上。社会下层、中下层市民的活动频率较低,且较不固定,一般把活动时间安排在清晨;3)体育活动项目也随阶层的不同而有所不同,乒乓球、羽毛球、网球运动参与者在各阶层中都占有一定的比例,对于高尔夫这一贵族运动,除了社会上层接触的比较多外,社会的中层、中下层和下层市民均未实地参与过;4)体育消费类型主要趋向于实物性消费,绝大部分居民的年消费额随着阶层的降低呈现下降趋势,"花钱买健康"的观念在不同社会阶层的差异明显。提出了扩大社会上层和中上层体育消费的影响,提高社会中层体育消费水平和引导社会中下层和下层体育消费理念发展的三点对策:1)扩大社会上层和中上层体育活动的影响;2)提高社会中层的体育活动意识;3)引导社会中下层和底层体育活动理念。

The Research on Sports Behavior of Jiangsu Resident at Different Social Stratum

Social stratification is one kind of enduring patterns that decide people ranks in social location.From the perspective of social stratification,the paper penetrates characteristics of sports expense among people of the small towns.Result shows:1)The social various social strata of Sport consciousness and sport motives are different.In the upper society,in the top of the sports people have a stronger sense of motivation and a variety of sports.Social classes to the main purpose are fitness.2)Urban residents in Jiangsu province,in sports time and frequency of arrangements,for the performance of different sectors of society in both civil significant difference.3) Sport project with the class vary,table tennis,badminton,tennis players at all levels in both occupy a certain proportion.4) The major types of sports consumption tend to kind of consumption.The idea of"Money buys the health"in different social class are significantly.This article proposes that the upper social strata sports consumption should be expanded,the intermediate and mediate ones should be enhanced,the lower level should be guided to take sports,and countermeasure has been proposed in this article.