美国中小学的服务学习探析

以美国中小学为个案，着重分析服务学习的概念、实施案例，并评述实施效果。首先，在概念分析里概括出服务学习的核心内涵。其次，通过实例描述服务学习活动开展的两种不同形式，揭示出结合学科进行的服务学习明显地侧重学生学业的发展，而独立的项目更侧重学生公民品质方面的发展。最后，指出服务学习在学生学业成绩和公民责任感等方面起到积极的作用，以及批评的意见，指出影响其效果的资金、标准化考试等外部制约因素。

The Exploration of Service Learning in American Primary and Secondary Schools

This paper focuses on the analysis of the service learning concept and its implementation cases , and on the review of the effects on its implementation in the US primary and secondary schools. First of all, in the conceptual analysis we generalize the core implications of service learning. Next, by virtue of the describing of two cases we show that service learning goes in two different ways, which reveal that service learning related to social studies clearly emphasizes the academic development of students while service learning tied to independent projects emphasizes the citizenship development of students, Finally, some related studies indicate positive roles service learning plays in achievement and civil responsibility of students, and criticisms on it, then indicate that such elements as finance and standardized tests serve as controls for the effects of its implementation.