异化劳动理论的几个相关问题——从差异角度分析

人是社会的存在物,因而人的劳动也必然是社会性的劳动,劳动产品总体上也理当属于整个社会.但是,由于人类内部群体、个体之间差异及其相应利益分离的客观存在,人们对劳动产品的占有也就出现了分化和分离,劳动者的劳动付出不仅得不到相应的回报,而且反过来成为统治劳动者的外在力量——这就是劳动的异化.马克思关于异化劳动的理论是从四个方面展开的,其中人与人关系的异化是异化的总体根源,其他三个方面是这一根源下的几种表现形式.由于差异是异化劳动的内在根基,异化劳动是差异的社会化、制度化恶性发展,因此消除异化劳动的根本途径不是消除差异本身,而是消除让差异恶性发展的不合理的社会制度.

Several Issues Relevant to the Theory of Alienated Labor

Human being is a kind of social being,accordingly human’s labour must be social labour and products of labour as a whole should belong to the whole society.However,due to the difference of various groups and of various individuals in human being,and dissociaton of corresponding benefits,the human’s possession of products of labour comes out differentiation and separate,the labour labourers put in does not get the corresponding returns,even becomes strength outside of labourers which control them,this is the alienation of labor.Marx’s doctrine on alienated labour involves four aspects,among which,the alienation of personal relations is the overall root,and other three aspects are the forms of expression of the root.Difference is the inherent basis of alienated labour,alienated labour is the malignant development of socialization and institutionalization of difference,so the basic approach to eliminating alienated labor is not eliminating difference,but eliminating unreasonable social system resulting in malignant development of difference.