居民视角下民族社区旅游化的空间演变过程及特征——以肇兴侗寨为例

从空间角度揭示旅游化的演变过程和特征可为深刻理解社区现象或问题提供参考。本文选取肇兴侗寨为案例地,通过2013年、2018年2次实地调查,采用参与式制图和半结构访谈获取一手数据,运用景观价值理论和质性空间分析方法,通过居民视角的景观价值变化探索社区旅游化在空间上的演变过程与特征。研究发现：①肇兴侗寨社区旅游化的过程包括社区生活功能主导、社区生活功能与旅游功能趋衡两个阶段。旅游化使得社区空间的观赏性和商业性增强,对居民生活的服务性和社会支持功能有所减弱;②社区旅游化表现出非均衡性的空间特征,标志性景观的旅游化程度高,旅游发展重点区域从鼓楼转变为侗族大歌演艺中心;③居民视角的旅游化过程是一个社区生活不断为旅游发展让步,旅游功能空间演变为强势空间,而社区生活功能空间逐渐变为边缘空间甚至消失的过程。居民视角社区旅游化的空间演变研究为全面深入认识旅游化现象提供来自社区内部的观点,为社区变迁研究提供新的思路。

Spatial evolution and characteristics of tourismization in ethnic community from the perspective of residents:A case of the Zhaoxing Dong Village

Revealing the evolution process and characteristics of tourismization from the perspective of space can provide a reference for understanding community phenomena or problems. This study took the Zhaoxing Dong Village as a case, and using two field surveys in 2013 and 2018, participatory mapping and semistructured interviews, as well as landscape value theory and qualitative and spatial analysis methods to explore the spatial process and characteristics of tourismization in the community through the change of landscape value from the perspective of residents. The results show that: (1) The tourismization process of the Zhaoxing Dong village included two stages: the dominance of community life functions, and the balance of community life functions and tourism functions. Tourism rendered the community space more aesthetic and commercialized, and weakened the functions of service and social support for residents; (2) The community tourismization showed unbalanced spatial characteristics. The characteristic landscape has a high degree of tourismization. The key area of tourism development has changed from the Drum Tower to the Dong performing arts center. (3) The tourismization process from the perspective of residents is a process in which the community life constantly gives way to the development of tourism, the functional space of tourism evolves into a dominant space, and the life functional space gradually becomes a marginalized space or even disappearing. The study on the spatial evolution of community tourismization from the perspective of residents provides a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon of tourism development from within the community and provides new ideas for the study of community change.